Throughout the last 40 years, many scholars have dedicated their endeavors to conserving the writings of women philosophers. Now we have access to valuable sources that show that the history […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
Edith Stein attempted already in her doctorate to complement Husserl’s work on phenomenology by a painstaking analysis of empathy including its indispensable role in the constitution of the psycho-physical individual […]
International Conference Cultural diversity and biodiversity: the question of food Ruth Edith Hagengruber, Paderborn University, Teaching and Research Area EcoTechGender Session II Food and cultural diversity Individualized need and globalized […]
The International Philosophy Olympiads (IPO), which is a competition for high-school pupils, first took place in 1993, by an initiative of the Department of Philosophy of Sofıa University to invite […]
New Voices on Women in the History of Philosophy is a group for emerging scholars who work on Women in the History of Philosophy launched by Clara Carus, Assistant Professor […]
New Voices on Women in the History of Philosophy is a group for emerging scholars who work on Women in the History of Philosophy launched by Clara Carus, Assistant Professor […]
La tradition de la critique féminine de la Bible: De Nogarola à Du Châtelet. Ruth E. Hagengruber Du Châtelet shared the liberal ideas of the radical Enlightenment. My reading reads […]
Lady Reason criticizes Christine de Pizan for idolatrizing philosophers, who « like to quote the authors they have read», writing «philofolly», instead of «philosophy». The exclusion of women philosophers from […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, Germany
International Association of Women Philosophers Founded in Germany in 1976, the International Association of Women Philosophers (IAPh) is an organization committed to promoting discussion, interaction, and cooperation among women in […]
New Voices on Women in the History of Philosophy is a group for emerging scholars who work on Women in the History of Philosophy launched by Clara Carus, Assistant Professor […]
New Voices on Women in the History of Philosophy is a group for emerging scholars who work on Women in the History of Philosophy launched by Clara Carus, Assistant Professor […]
The True, the Good and the Beautiful XXV. Congress of the German Society for Philosophy The 25th conference of the German Society of Philosophy deals with the true, the good, […]
New Voices on Women in the History of Philosophy is a group for emerging scholars who work on Women in the History of Philosophy launched by Clara Carus, Assistant Professor […]
PANEL 05.10.2021 1 PM Princeton time (ET) / 8 PM Bucharest time (UTC+2) Clara Carus Assistant Professor and Coordinator of the New Voices and Aaron Wells, Research fellow at the […]
Vendredi 8 octobre 2021 / Friday, Oct. 8, 2021 9h55 Mot de bienvenue / Welcome words 10h00 Aurélien Chukurian (Privat-docent, Université de Genève) La théologie comme présence invisible dans […]
The Principles of Knowledge in Émilie du Châtelet” Talk | 15.10.2021 | 2:30-3:30pm (GMT-3) | On the 15th of October Clara Carus will hold a talk on The Principles of […]
New Voices on Women in the History of Philosophy is a group for emerging scholars who work on Women in the History of Philosophy launched by Clara Carus, Assistant Professor […]
SWIP Austria - Solidarity and Resistance – a Philosophical Approach The Society for Women in Philosophy is hosting an international Symposium on Solidarity and Resistance on the 5th and 6th […]
Berneuchener Haus Kloster Kirchberg
Am Kirchberg 1, Sulz am Neckar, Germany
Eine Veranstaltung in Kooperation mit der Evangelischen Akademie Baden Autonomes Fahren, Smart Living, Haushalts- und Pflege- roboter, Operations- oder auch Sexroboter, neue Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten, neue Finanzwelten, neue Arbeitswelten: Industrie 4.0 […]
Talk | 12.11.2021 | Du Châtelet on the Need for Mathematics in Physics | Aaron Wells On the 12th of November Aaron Wells is giving a talk on "Du Châtelet […]
New Voices on Women in the History of Philosophy is a group for emerging scholars who work on Women in the History of Philosophy launched by Clara Carus, Assistant Professor […]
Find all talks recorded as podcast here. From 22nd November to 26th November 2021, Prof. George N. Vlahakis from the Hellenic Open University, School of Humanities and Prof. Chelsea C. […]
Ruth E. Hagengruber: The Third Knowledge Dimension. - How Epistemology changes in the Age of AI. 16Uhr Die digitalen Technologien haben das Potenzial, eine neue Renaissance von Menschheit und Planeten […]
Programm der Tagung 10:00 Uhr Eröffnung und Begrüßung GERHARD PFAFF (MLS*) HARALD A. MIEG 10:10 Uhr Session 1 – Moderation: GERHARD BANSE (MLS) 10:15 Uhr WERNER ZORN (MLS): Internet: von […]
AUFBAU EINES NETZWERKS AG Frauen in der Geschichte der Philosophie Workshop Treffen (Forschung und Lehre) und Netzwerk-Plattform EINLADUNG ZUM ONLINE – MEETING Freitag, 03.012.2021 | 09.30 – 12:30 Uhr / […]
New Voices on Women in the History of Philosophy is a group for emerging scholars who work on Women in the History of Philosophy launched by Clara Carus, Assistant Professor […]
On the 17.12. to celebrate Émilie du Châtelet's 315th birthday, the digital edition of the Institutions de physique will go online. We will start the launching with the Avant-Propos in […]
In einer gemeinsamen Veranstaltung des Deutschen Akademikerinnenbundes DAB e.V., des Center für die Erforschung der Geschichte der Philosophinnen HWPS und der Internationalen Assoziation der Philosophinnen in Deutschland IAPH e.V. diskutiere […]
New Voices on Women in the History of Philosophy is a group for emerging scholars who work on Women in the History of Philosophy launched by Clara Carus, Assistant Professor […]
New Voices on Women in the History of Philosophy is a group for emerging scholars who work on Women in the History of Philosophy launched by Clara Carus, Assistant Professor […]
We are delighted to announce the first online NEW VOICES on Women in the History of Philosophy CONFERENCE on the 25th/26th of February 2022. More than 70 speakers will […]
März 2022 18.30 - 19.30 Aus aktuellem Anlass: Ein Interview mit der Kriegsreporterin Maria von Welser im Gespräch mit Ruth Hagengruber DAB Digital Lounge: FRAUEN GESTALTEN DIE ZUKUNFT Maria von […]
New Voices on Women in the History of Philosophy is a group for emerging scholars who work on Women in the History of Philosophy launched by Clara Carus, Assistant Professor […]
Clara Carus and Aaron Wells at the Annual Conference of the British Society for the History of Philosophy On Thursday the 21st of April Clara Carus, Assistant Professor and Coordinator […]
New Voices on Women in the History of Philosophy is a group for emerging scholars who work on Women in the History of Philosophy launched by Clara Carus, Assistant Professor […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
Dr. Dagmar Comtesse der WWU Münster wird am 05. Mai den Vortrag 'Zwischen Wahrheit und Macht - Für ein poststrukturalistisches Kanon-Konzept' beim Kolloquium zur Philosophie an der Universität Paderborn präsentieren.
International Centre for Philosophy NRW
Poppelsdorfer Allee 28, Bonn, Germany
The International Conference 'Re-inventing the History of Philosophy. Die (Neu-)erfindung der Philosophiegeschichte', co-organized by Michael Forster (IZPH, Bonn), Stefanie Buchenau (Université Paris 8 Saint-Denis) and Christian Berner (IrePh, Paris-Nanterre), takes […]
We are delighted to announce the official beginning of the New Voices series of talks for Summer 2022, which will focus on Du Châtelet. You are warmly invited to the […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
A cooperation between Kateryna Karpenko, Director of the Center for Gender Studies, Kharkiv National Medical University, and Ruth Edith Hagengruber, Director of the Center for the History of Women Philosophers […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, Germany
Workshop Philosophy and Exclusion 2022, June 10th at Paderborn University Via Zoom Meeting-ID: 964 9762 0520 Code: 303146 Program 10:00- 10:30 Welcome 10:30 - 11:30 Francesca Greco, Some Practices of […]
We are delighted to announce the New Voices series of talks for Summer 2022, which will focus on Du Châtelet. You are warmly invited to the presentation, which is by […]
This year’s Summer School, under the title WOMEN IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY – CHALLENGING THE CANON is a product of collaboration of three institutions: Research Centre for Women in […]
The International Commission on Science and Literature DHST/IUHPST, the Chair of Science, Technology and Gender Studies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität ErlangenNürnberg, the Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists, Paderborn University, […]
We are delighted to announce the New Voices series of talks for Summer 2022, which will focus on Du Châtelet. You are warmly invited to thepresentation, which is by Stephen […]
We are delighted to announce the New Voices series of talks for Summer 2022, which will focus on Du Châtelet. You are warmly invited to thepresentation, which is by Maria […]
Workshop The Phenomenon of Reality 2022, September 22nd at Paderborn University Via Zoom For meeting-ID please email: women.phenomenologists.hwps@gmail.com Program 15:00 - 15:10 Welcome 15:10 - 15:30 Emiliano Trizio (Ca’ Foscari […]
We are delighted to announce the New Voices series of talks for Summer 2022, which will focus on Du Châtelet. You are warmly invited to thepresentation, which is by Marcy […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, Germany
e are delighted to present our newly started DFG funded project which is dedicated to exploring all aspects of Émilie Du Châtelet’s important relationship to Leibniz and Wolff. Émilie Du […]
Uhrzeit Thema Verantwortliche/r 11-11.15 Begrüßung Raum 315 (Domplatz 23) Ruth Hagengruber / Dagmar Comtesse Siehe auch: AG DGPhil Frauen in der Geschichte der Philosophie 11.15-h-12h „Die Philosophin Margaret Cavendish“ Julia […]
Abstract: Femtech is the collective name for technologies that address female health needs. Femtech applications can, e. g., help women digitally track their period, manage their fertility and support their […]
Abstract: In this presentation, I aim at analyzing the importance of beauty for contemporary women. I begin by showing some traditional views in the history of Philosophy, such as Kant´s […]
PROGRAM THURSDAY, 1st DECEMBER 9:30-10:00 Presentation and Inauguration10:00-10:30 Ruth Hagengruber: Why Women Philosophers were excluded: The History of Women Philosophers and the New Philosophy. From Bible critics to a (Monist) […]
In the context of the International IAPH Workshop, Ruth E. Hagengruber holds a talk on 'Why Women Philosophers were excluded: The History of Women Philosophers and the New Philosophy. From […]
The fourth digital Conference 'Ethics and Digitalization' will be hosted 1 December 2022 from 2 - 6 pm by the Cultural Entrepreneurship Institute, Berlin. The conference is an event organized […]
In the context of the fouth digital Conference 'Ethics and Digitalization', an event hosted by the Cultural Entrepreneurship Institute Berlin on 1 December 2022, Ruth Edith Hagengruber will hold a […]
Institute of Philosophy in Zagreb
Zagreb, Croatia (Local Name: Hrvatska)
The Research Center for Women in Philosophy (CIŽUF) at the Institute of Philosophy in Zagreb is proud to invite you to the conference Collecting the Heritage: South-East European Women Philosophers […]
On December the 5th at 6pm CET we will have an interview with Christine Lopes, Katarina Peixoto, Pedro Pricladnitzky, editors of the book Latin American Perspectives on Women Philosophers in […]
Abstract: Pregnancy has been a life-changing experience for me. It has been so not only because of my bodily transformation and the amazing two forms of life that emerged, but […]
Abstract: When feminists speak about sexuality they sometimes refer to social and political power structure, sometimes to procreation, others speak about pleasure practices or subcultures and even others refer to […]
This two-day workshop will focus on the work of Du Châtelet and Kant and on historical and conceptual links between them, as well as connecting figures such as Euler, Maupertuis, […]
Abstract: Vanessa Springora’s memoir, CONSENT, caused a firestorm when it was published in France in 2020, as it recounted her sexual relationship with the famed writer, Gabriel Matzneff, that began […]
Abstract: When protesters against compulsory Covid-vaccination and face masks shouted ‘my body, my right’, this slogan strangely reverberated earlier feminist demands of bodily autonomy. It reminded us of how strongly […]
Building O, Paderborn Universit
Pohlweg 51, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
Recent events have shown that it is urgent and fundamentally important to shed new light, through philosophical, linguistic, literary, scientific, medical and artistic perspectives, on the female body and the […]
At April 5, 2023, Ruth E. Hagengruber will give a Masterclass and Keynote Lecture on "Women Philosophers: Thinking Europe Anew" at the talk series "Voices from Contemporary Philosophy". The talk […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
This summer we will host a Harvard History Workshop on Émilie du Châtelet in cooperation with the Center for the History of Women Philosophers. The workshop is organized by Jeff McDonough, Harvard University […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
This summer we will host a Harvard History Workshop on Émilie du Châtelet in cooperation with the Center for the History of Women Philosophers. The workshop is organized by Jeff McDonough, Harvard University […]
Abstract: Although Max Scheler and Edith Stein did not specifically engage in the topic of realism during their lifetimes, they can both be considered representatives of realism. This paper aims […]
Abstract: This talk aims at exploring Landmann-Kalischer’s analogy between the sensing of secondary qualities and the feeling of values in her work “Philosophie der Werte” (Philosophy of Values) (1910). Attention […]
Online Conference Programme (in progress) 14-20h 13:45– 14:00 Accreditation14:00 – 14:15 Dr. Clara Mavellia – Cultural Entrepreneurship Institute, Berlin (Germany)14:15 – 14:30 Prof. Dr. Ruth Hagengruber – Director of the […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
This summer we will host a Harvard History Workshop on Émilie du Châtelet in cooperation with the Center for the History of Women Philosophers. The workshop is organized by Jeff McDonough, Harvard University […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
This summer we will host a Harvard History Workshop on Émilie du Châtelet in cooperation with the Center for the History of Women Philosophers. The workshop is organized by Jeff McDonough, Harvard University […]
Abstract: Hedwig Conrad-Martius (1888-1966) is gaining recognition as an important representative of early phenomenological realism, but her philosophy transcends that designation. Conrad-Martius’ realism is housed in a reformed classical philosophical […]
Abstract: In this paper, I will discuss the views of Conrad-Martius and Stein on secondary qualities. More precisely, I will address the question of the non-reducibility of these qualities. Both […]
Institute of Philosophy in Zagreb
Zagreb, Croatia (Local Name: Hrvatska)
WE ARE HAPPY TO ANNOUNCE THE 2ND CROATIA LIBORI SUMMER SCHOOL FROM 19TH TO 22ND OF JUNE 2023 IN ZAGREB WOMEN PHILOSOPHERS AND SCIENTISTS ON MEDICINE, PSYCHOLOGY, AND BODY AWARENESS […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
The Spring/Summer 2023 Harvard History Workshop on Émilie Du Châtelet (in cooperation with the Center for the History of Women Philosophers) will conclude with a mini-workshop on Metaphysical Themes in […]
Abstract: Gerda Walther’s work in phenomenology is often presented in light of the metaphysical struggles of its founding fathers, namely Pfänder’s realistic phenomenology, Husserl’s transcendental turn and Heideggerian ontology. Instead, […]
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Santa Maria, Brazil
From 3 to 7 July 2023, the first colloqium "Colóquio Émilie: Filosofia, contexto, tradução", organized by Mitieli Seixas Da Silva, the Translation and Research Group Émilie, will be hosted at […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, Germany
July 10 to 13th, 10:00 AM to 6PM University of Paderborn with Mette Lebech (Maynooth University) and Sarah Borden (Wheaton College) The seminar will provide an in-depth look into Edith […]
19th Symposium of the International Association of Women Philosophers (IAPh) Feminisms Today. Philosophical Contributions against Violence, Discrimination and Exclusions July 31 - 04 August 2023 Faculty of Philosophy and Literature […]
On August 24, Ruth E. Hagengruber (Paderborn University), Sabrina Ebbersmeyer (University of Copenhagen), and Sophia Connell (Birkbeck University of London) will offer a symposium on "Expanding the Canon". The Invited […]
On September 12th, at 16h30, Dr. Jil Muller will give a keynote talk on Marie de Gournay: The Philosopher Slandered by a Patriarchal Society, at the 6th FINO Graduate Conference […]
On September 28, 2023, Ruth E. Hagengruber will give a Keynote Talk on 'Zur Geschichte der Frauen in der Philosophie des Rechts' at the conference 'Rechtsphilosophinnen'. The conference takes place […]
L3.204, Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, Germany
Where: University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany When: October 27th-28th, 2023 Type of Conference: Hybrid The conference is organized by Prof. Dr. Kateryna Karpenko, Director of the Center for Gender Education of National […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
13.15-13.30 Welcome 13.30-14.15 Marit Rullmann, M. A. Phil.: „Philosophinnen Porträts“ 14.15-14.30 Dr. Maria Robaszkiewicz (Universität Paderborn): „HannahArendt.net. Die Zeitschrift und ihre Geschichte“ 14.30-15.15 Anne Specht, M. Ed. (Forschungsinstitut für Philosophie […]
On the 20th of November at 3pm David Owen will give a talk on Khadīja Bint al-‘Āqil: Logician of Islamic West Africa at the Center for the History of Women Philosophers […]
An intercontinental New Voices seminar. Hosted by the Centre for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists. This online seminar, dedicated to 1000 Places in 1 World, is a collaboration […]
An intercontinental New Voices seminar. Hosted by the Centre for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists. This online seminar, dedicated to 1000 Places in 1 World, is a collaboration […]
An intercontinental New Voices seminar. Hosted by the Centre for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists. This online seminar, dedicated to 1000 Places in 1 World, is a collaboration […]
An intercontinental New Voices seminar. Hosted by the Centre for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists. This online seminar, dedicated to 1000 Places in 1 World, is a collaboration […]
An intercontinental New Voices seminar. Hosted by the Centre for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists. This online seminar, dedicated to 1000 Places in 1 World, is a collaboration […]
Research Colloquium Summer Term 2024 This summer term the Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists continued with its tradition of the Research Colloquium. Within this colloquium members […]
Dr. Giulia Guidara (Giunta Centrale per gli Studi Storici, Roma): From Body to Soul: Mental Disorders in Hildegard of Bingen’s Cause et cure The Cause et cure of Hildegard of […]
International Online Conference Émilie Du Châtelet’s Scientific Methodology: Hypotheses and the Principles of Knowledge 23rd/24th of May 2024 Organized by Clara Carus, Head of the DFG-Research Project :The Relationship between […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
Research Colloquium Summer Term 2024 This summer term the Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists continued with its tradition of the Research Colloquium. Within this colloquium members […]
Jana Schreiber (University of Marburg): Anna Margaretha Wiedemann - A healing woman and her patients in early modern Frankfurt In 1670, a conflict between Frankfurt surgeons and the healer Anna […]
This workshop is occasioned by two recent publications on the early phenomenologist Hedwig-Conrad Martius. The first English translation of her early and seminal work Metaphysical Conversations, translated by Christina Gschwandtner, […]
Research Colloquium Summer Term 2024 This summer term the Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists continued with its tradition of the Research Colloquium. Within this colloquium members […]
Dr. Justin Begley (University of Basel) Dr. Benjamin Goldberg (University of South Florida, USA): Margaret Cavendish and the Medical Establishment This talk explores how the seventeenth-century philosopher Margaret Cavendish interacted […]
Madeleine Sheahan (Yale University): Seasonality and Slaughter: Sourcing Animal-Ingredients in Seventeenth-Century Household Medicine Springtime was an industrious season of the 17th century household. In a period of domestic production and […]
FRAUEN. DENKEN. EUROPA. Die Veranstaltung findet statt unter der Schirmherrschaft der UN Women Deutschland. Diese Veranstaltung wird freundlicherweise von der Verbund Volksbank OWL und der Hochschulallianz COLOURS unterstützt. Programm 28. […]
L3 204, L-Gebäude Universität Paderborn
Pohlweg 57, Paderborn
Programm 29. Juni 2024 Sitzung des Erweiterten Vorstands des Deutschen Akademikerinnenbundes und Wahl der Kommissionen 9.30 Uhr: Eröffnung der Veranstaltung durch die Präsidentin des Deutschen Akademikerinnenbundes, Manuela Queitsch – Bericht […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
Research Colloquium Summer Term 2024 This summer term the Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists continued with its tradition of the Research Colloquium. Within this colloquium members […]
Dr. Amalia Cerrito (University of Trento): Female seeds, powers, and bodies: Albert the Great and the vegetal sexuality The 13th-century Dominican master Albert the Great extensively discusses vegetal sexuality. While […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
Research Colloquium Summer Term 2024 This summer term the Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists continued with its tradition of the Research Colloquium. Within this colloquium members […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
Research Colloquium Summer Term 2024 This summer term the Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists continued with its tradition of the Research Colloquium. Within this colloquium members […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
Research Colloquium Summer Term 2024 This summer term the Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists continued with its tradition of the Research Colloquium. Within this colloquium members […]
We are pleased to announce an upcoming online workshop on “Cavendish: Mind, Consciousness and Perception,” which will be held on 25 and 26 July, 2024. The workshop is organized by […]
On the 2. August at 09.20-09.40 in CU009, Geologia e Mineralogia, Aula 14 our Fellow Michele Vagnetti will present a paper on Women in the History of Analytic Philosophy: Wilma Papst’s […]
2. August 13.00-19.00, CU002 Giurisprudenza, Aula “Francesco Calasso”: Ruth Edith Hagengruber: Biopolitics: Erasing the Voices of Women Philosophers. The talk is part of an invited session hosted by Riccardo Pozzo. In the 1990s, […]
2. August 17.00-19.00, CU001 Rettorato, Aula Organi Collegiali: Ruth Edith Hagengruber: Adding Voices to the Philosophy Curriculum. The talk is part of an invited session hosted by Floris Velema. Teaching […]
3. AUGUST 17.00-19.00, CAMPUS SAPIENZA, AULA MAGNA: SYMPOSIUM ON WOMEN IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY Chair: Ruth Edith Hagengruber Thanks to the president of the FISP, Luca Scarantino, and his […]
Round Table #1 Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists: Monday 5 August 2024, CU003 Lettera e Filosofia, Aula XII, Time: 17:00- 19:00 17:00 – 17.30 Krissah Marga Taganas (Philippines): […]
5. August 17.00-19.00, CU003 Lettera e Filosofia, Aula XII: Ruth Edith Hagengruber: The Actuality of Teaching Hannah Arendt: The Origins of Totalitarianism, Association internationale des Professeurs de philosophie. Chaired by Riccardo […]
CU002 Giurisprudenza, Aula “Falcone e Borsellino”
Rome
Round Table #2 Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists: Eco-, Health-Feminism Wednesday 07 August 13:00-15:00, CU002 Giurisprudenza, Aula “Falcone e Borsellino” 13:00-13:30 Kateryna Karpenko (Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine): […]
Paderborn University
Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
The era of strictly demarcated sciences is over, at least since the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the years, changing social values, modern technologies, but also scientific misconduct and demands for emancipation […]