History of Women Philosophers and Scientists

Dorothy Rogers – "American Women Philosophers"
2018-07-30 10:00 - 11:15 (Europe/Berlin) | L-Building, Uni-Campus, Warburgerstr. 100, Paderborn, 33100, Germany
Location: L2.202 , Paderborn University
Dorothy Rogers is Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Religion at Montclair State University (Montclair, New Jersey). She is also the coordinator of MSU’s program in Jewish American Studies.
Her publications include:

“The Other Philosophy Club: America’s First Academic Women Philosophers,” Hypatia 24:2 (2009)
“Marietta Kies: Idealist and Altruist (1853-1899),” in Contributions by Women to Nineteenth Century American Philosophy (Mellen, 2012)
“Elizabeth Cady Stanton,” Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2010)
America’s First Women Philosophers: Transplanting Hegel, 1860-1925 (Continuum, 2005)

All interested parties are welcome to attend!
General information: Libori Summer School 2018

Du Châtelet between Leibniz and Kant: The Eberhard-Kant Controversy
2018-07-30 11:30 - 2018-08-03 17:00 (Europe/Berlin) | L-Building, Uni-Campus, Warburgerstr. 100, Paderborn, 33100, Germany
Lecturers: Hartmut Hecht, Ruth Hagengruber, Andrea Reichenberger and Dieter Suisky
Location: L1.202 , Paderborn University
After the study of space and time in “Du Châtelet Between Leibniz and Newton” we are now moving on to explore “Du Châtelet Between Leibniz and Kant.”
This course will focus on Du Châtelet and the Eberhard-Kant Controversy, including the problems of space and time in Leibniz, Kant and Du Châtelet. In the famous Kant-Eberhard controversy, we learn that Eberhard traces Kant’s roots back to Leibnizian philosophy and its commentators, including Du Châtelet, who he identifies as a key interpreter of Leibniz. This judgement has many interesting implications.
Eberhard tries to prove that Kant’s ideas were not as “original” as he had claimed. If Kant’s ideas can be tied back to Leibniz-Wolffian philosophy, is this also true for Du Châtelet? If this is an invalid claim for an adequate understanding of Kant, is it consequently also inadequate for Du Châtelet? In what sense is Du Châtelet an intermediary between Leibniz and Kant? Can Kant’s claim that his philosophy differs from Leibniz concerning his interpretation of phenomena, the knowledge of their origin and essence, be detected in Du Châtelet’s philosophy as well? How close is Du Châtelet to the philosophy of Leibniz or the ideas of Wolff, and how near is Kant to the ideas of Du Châtelet?
To approach this large field of investigation, we will focus on the following topics:

The concept of space and time in Leibniz (which was held to be an “idealized” and “logical” concept by Kant).
The concept of space and time in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (A edition, 1781)
The chapter on Space and Time in Du Châtelet’s Foundations of Physics.
Selected passages from Eberhard on Du Châtelet, Wolff and others.

Student Presentation Schedule

Monday
(Full)
Laura Herrera Castillo – Leibniz’s “A New System of the Nature and the Communication of Substances” and “The Monadology”
Areins Pelayo – Leibniz, “Tentamen Anagogicum”
Kristyna Sara Zittova – “The Controversy between Leibniz and Clarke”

Tuesday
Elizabeth Goodnick – Ruth Hagengruber, “Emilie du Châtelet Between Leibniz and Newton: The Transformation of Metaphysics”
Babette Chabout-Combaz – Andrea Reichenberger, “Die Rolle der Familie Keyserlingk und des Gottsched-Kreises für Kants Du Châtelet-Rezeption”

Wednesday
Tatiana Levina – Space and Time in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason
Lisa Benossi – The Lambert-Kant Correspondence

Thursday
Wiebke Deimling – Henry Allison, “The Kant-Eberhard Controversy”
Suellen Dutra Pereira – Ursula Winter, “Metaphysik der Natur und würkende Kräfte”

All interested parties are welcome to apply! Visit: Libori Summer School 2018

Self and Subjectivity in Edith Stein and Hedwig Conrad-Martius
2018-07-30 11:30 - 2018-08-03 17:00 (Europe/Berlin) | L-Building, Uni-Campus, Warburgerstr. 100, Paderborn, 33100, Germany
Lecturers: Ronny Miron, Antonio Calcagno, Rodney Parker
Location: L2.202, Paderborn University
Discussions of the self and subjectivity are a commonplace in phenomenological writings. The elaboration of the I as the focal point of experience is central to phenomenological research.
In the Fourth Cartesian Meditation, Husserl argues that the phenomenology of “self-constitution coincides with phenomenology as whole.” In this course, we will reflect on the self and subjectivity through the writings of Edith Stein and Hedwig Conrad-Martius, and critically assess their views on these themes. We will begin by discussing Husserl’s arguments for the unity of consciousness, his distinction between the empirical and transcendental I, and his threefold description of the ego as: (1) the identical pole of subjective processes, (2) the substrate of habitualities, and (3) monad. We will also consider the self as a bodily and spiritual being capable of constituting spiritual (social, cultural, historical) objects.
In the writings of Edith Stein, the notion of the self emerges through the working together of the lived body, psyche, and spirit. However, the self becomes more acutely aware of itself as a self in the experiences of emotion and value. In such experiences, the depth of the I, its motivations, desires, personality, and the will come to the forefront of consciousness, revealing the notion of the spiritual person. The manifestation of the spiritual aspect of human beings evinces the value of the self. Indeed, the person, understood as the highest form of subjectivity, emerges most fully when the bodily, psychic, and spiritual dimensions of the human being work together. Furthermore, the self and subjectivity, understood as an objectivity, show themselves in and through empathy, the lived experience of community, and gender.
Hedwig Conrad-Martius was critical of Husserl’s privileging of the self, which she believed came at the expense of his philosophy’s ability to properly deal with the more fundament philosophical question: What is Being? In this course, we will discuss Conrad-Martius’ response to Husserl’s turn toward the subject and the transcendental idealism that follows. In her work, she stresses that a phenomenology of real Being and the phenomenology of the I are not mutually exclusive. We will therefore explore the essential role of the being of the I in her philosophy of Being, but from a realist rather than an idealist perspective. For Conrad-Martius, the philosophical understanding of the I is conditioned by having a philosophical view of Being. However, the I also bears an ontological exclusivity that distinguishes it from the rest of the beings in the world. We will also consider the tension of subjectivity; of being a creature that is both equal to other beings in the world and at the same time ontologically distinct from them.

All interested parties are welcome to apply! Visit: Libori Summer School 2018

American Women Philosophers
2018-07-30 11:30 - 2018-08-03 17:00 (Europe/Berlin) | L-Building, Uni-Campus, Warburgerstr. 100, Paderborn, 33100, Germany
Lecturers: Mary Ellen Waithe and Dorothy Rogers
Location: L2.201, Paderborn University
This course explores the ideas of two women in the early idealist philosophical movement in the United States: Marietta Kies (1853-1899) and Lucia Ames Mead (1856-1936). Kies developed a theory of altruism in public/political life and was a member of the Christian Socialist movement. Ames Mead developed a theory of pacifism and was a member of the peace movement. Kies remained in the academic world throughout her career. Ames Mead chose to become an activist, working for the formation of the League of nations in the early twentieth century. Both women anticipated later feminist theories of care, peace, and action, which will be discussed in this course.

All interested parties are welcome to apply! Visit: Libori Summer School 2018

Women in Communism
2018-07-30 11:30 - 2018-08-03 17:00 (Europe/Berlin) | L-Building, Uni-Campus, Warburgerstr. 100, Paderborn, 33100, Germany
Lecturers: Luka Borsic, Ivana Skuhala Karasman
Location: L3.204, Paderborn University
Socialist Feminism professes that a complete emancipation of women is achieved through the abolition of economic and cultural sources of women’s oppression. This, according to some, represents the synthesis of the arguments of Marxist feminism about capitalism as a source of oppression of women and the arguments of radical feminism on the role of gender and patriarchy. Marxist Feminism starts from the assumption that the abolition of capitalism as a socio-economic system is the only way women can relieve oppression. According to Marxist feminism, gender inequality is the product of the capitalist mode of production.
The result of such theoretical considerations for women was that the levels of employment and education increased in most communist states. In the 1950s, ‘60s, and ‘70s it was generally believed that communism was fairer and more advanced for women’s equality than capitalism. However, in the 1980s, alongside the political and economic collapse of communist states, a question mark was put over alleged success of addressing the “woman question” in communism.
Was the collapse of communism also a sign of the victory of the “second wave” feminism against socialist feminism? Or, was socialist feminism a collateral victim of historically politico-economic change of paradigm?
In this course we are going to explore position of women in communism. We will consider this topic from three different perspectives:

the position of women in communism as a socio-philosophical theory;
the position of women in concrete communist states;
the position of women in post-communist milieu.

All interested parties are welcome to apply! Visit: Libori Summer School 2018

Women’s World Today: War, Violence, and Escape
2018-07-30 11:30 - 2018-08-03 17:00 (Europe/Berlin) | L-Building, Uni-Campus, Warburgerstr. 100, Paderborn, 33100, Germany
Lecturer: Maria von Welser
Location: L1.201, Paderborn University
Guest Speakers: Nahid Shahalimi, Lea Ackermann, Berta Travieso, Godula Kosack
Research was carried out in Afghanistan, India, Eastern Congo, and in international refugee camps in Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, and on the Greek island of Lesbos. The result was a UN list titled: Countries in which it is the greatest danger to be born as a girl. A nightmarish reality. In these countries, girls and women are worth nothing, and condemned to an early death. In this course, Maria von Welser, an internationally renowned journalist, will discuss the deplorable lifesituation of women and children in the countries on the UN list. She has experienced first-hand the devastating state of affairs faced by refugees from these countries, caught between the homelands they have fled and the borders of Europe.
Participants will be presented with a detailed description of the political background in these countries, as well as reports from women, children, and their families on the horrible situations in which many women and children are still forced to live today.
An fünf Tagen ab dem 30. Juli 2018 beleuchtet die Lehrbeauftragte und TV-Journalistin Maria von Welser im Rahmen der Libori Summer School in englischen Referaten vor internationalen Studenten die Situation der Frauen heute in Ländern, in denen sie nichts wert sind: Afghanistan, das Land mit der höchsten Mütter- und Kindersterblichkeit weltweit. Dazu referiert die Afghanin Nahid Shahalimi. In einer keynote-Präsentation werden die StudentInnen erfahren, warum gerade Indien das Land mit den meisten Vergewaltigungen ist, obwohl im Land kein Krieg herrscht.
Der dritte Tag führt dann nach Afrika. Dr. Lea Ackermann von Solwodi wird von ihrer Frauenarbeit in Kenia und Ruanda berichten, die Referentin selbst von ihren Recherchen über den Krieg „auf den Körpern der Frauen“ im Kongo. Um die Situation der Frauen und Kinder in den Flüchtlingslagern geht es dann am vierten Tag. Berta Travieso von UNICEF Libanon ist Gast und die Referentin wird die bittere Zukunft der rund 3,6 Millionen syrischen Flüchtlinge in den Lagern im Libanon und Jordanien beleuchten. Auch der letzte Tag beschäftigt sich weiter mit der Flüchtlingssituation, diesmal in der Türkei. Dazu berichtet die Referentin vom bitteren Leid der jesidischen Frauen und Mädchen. Von Terre des Femmes kommt dann noch Prof. Godula Kosack um über das für Millionen Frauen schwerst traumatisierende Thema der Genitalverstümmelung zu sprechen. Die StudentInnen sind an allen Tagen gefordert, selbst Talkrunden zu gestalten und wichtige Fragen herauszuarbeiten. Dazu haben sie im Vorfeld von der Referentin schon rund 100 Seiten Materialien zu den einzelnen Themenbereichen zugesandt bekommen.

All interested parties are welcome to apply! Visit: Libori Summer School 2018
© Peter Müller BILD 16.07.2012 Frauen in Afghanistan von Maria von Welser zzt. in Afghanistan FRAUENZENTRUM GULDARA

Antonio Calcagno – "Self and Subjectivity in Edith Stein"
2018-07-31 10:00 - 11:15 (Europe/Berlin) | L-Building, Uni-Campus, Warburgerstr. 100, Paderborn, 33100, Germany
Location: L2.202, Paderborn University
Antonio Calcagno is Professor of Philosophy at King’s University College (London, Ontario), and co-director of the Centre for Advanced Research in European Philosophy (CAREP).
His publications include:

“On the Vulnerability of a Community: Edith Stein and Gerda Walther,” Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology 49 (2018)
“A Place for the Role of Community in the Structure of the State: Edith Stein and Edmund Husserl,” Continental Philosophy Review 49 (2016)

Lived Experience from the Inside Out: The Social and Political Philosophy of Edith Stein (Duquesne University Press, 2014)

The Philosophy of Edith Stein (Duquesne University Press, 2007)

All interested parties are welcome to attend!
General information: Libori Summer School 2018

Robyn Arianrhod – "Émilie Du Châtelet"
2018-08-01 10:00 - 11:15 (Europe/Berlin) | L-Building, Uni-Campus, Warburgerstr. 100, Paderborn, 33100, Germany
Location: L2.202 , Paderborn University
Robyn Arianrhod is Adjunct Research Associate in the School of Mathematical Sciences at Monash University (Melbourne, Australia).
Her publications include:

Seduced by Logic: Émilie Du Châtelet, Mary Somerville and the Newtonian Revolution (Oxford University Press, 2012)
Einstein’s Heroes: Imagining the World Through the Language of Mathematics (Oxford University Press, 2006)

All interested parties are welcome to attend!
General information: Libori Summer School 2018

Luka Boršić – "Women in Capitalism"
2018-08-02 10:00 - 11:15 (Europe/Berlin) | L-Building, Uni-Campus, Warburgerstr. 100, Paderborn, 33100, Germany
Location: L2.202 , Paderborn University
Luka Boršić is Assistant Research Fellow at the Institute of Philosophy in Zagreb (Croatia) and lecturer at the Rochester Institute of Technology, Zagreb Campus.

His publications include:
Lexicon of outstanding women in Croatia from XI till XX century (with Ivana Skuhala Karasman), (Naklada Jurcic, 2015)
“Isotta Nogarola – The Beginning of Gender Equality in Europe” (with I. Skuhala Karasman), Monist 98: 1 (2015)
“Patrizi and His Women”, in Francesco Patrizi: Philosopher of the Renaissance (Palacky University Press, 2014)

All interested parties are welcome to attend!
General information: Libori Summer School 2018

Maria von Welser – "Women’s World Today. Still a Nightmare in so Many Places"
2018-08-03 10:00 - 11:15 (Europe/Berlin) | L-Building, Uni-Campus, Warburgerstr. 100, Paderborn, 33100, Germany
Location: L2.202 , Paderborn University
Maria von Welser is a journalist and humanitarian who has dedicated her life to reporting on the living conditions of women in developing nations around the globe. She is also served as a member of the executive board of UNICEF Germany.
All interested parties are welcome to attend!
General information: Libori Summer School 2018

The XVIIth Symposium of the International Association of Women Philosophers
2018-08-10 - 2018-08-12 | Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 30 Shuangqing Rd, Haidian Qu, Beijing, China
Founded in 1976, the International Association of Women Philosophers (IAPh) is an organization committed to promoting discussion, interaction, and cooperation among women in philosophy worldwide. The IAPh’s XVIIth symposium will be held immediately preceding the World Congress of Philosophy taking place in Beijing, and proposes to celebrate women’s diverse historical and contemporary contributions to philosophy, and to highlight the work of female philosophers in all branches of philosophical and feminist inquiry. We particularly invite papers that reflect on globalization and the history of women’s engagement with philosophy and feminism in Asia, Europe, the Americas, Australasia, Africa, and elsewhere, during the past forty-two years, and back to the earliest periods. The conference theme, ‘Women and Philosophy in the Era of Globalization’ is intended to capture the broad scope of contemporary research on historical women philosophers, on feminist ethics, aesthetics, and politics, and on questions of feminist epistemology in multiple cultures. Submissions in other areas of philosophy and feminist theory are also welcome.
Call for Papers

Launch of the ECC
2018-08-12 08:00 - 17:00 (Europe/Berlin)
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CONCISE CONCEPTS BY WOMEN PHILOSOPHERS
EDITORS’ INTRODUCTION
The world of philosophy is rapidly expanding. New technological advance gives us quicker, broader, more complete access to new knowledge. We read Hannah Arendt on our phones. We study Edith Stein on our tablets. Voice-activated technology takes notes and posts them to cloud storage while we drive. New historical information about women’s contributions is generating new knowledge, warranting reconsideration of the standard histories of the discipline.
But one thing about human nature has not changed: our ability to comprehend succinct, but concise philosophical concepts, like “thinking”. And thus was born the idea for this encyclopedia: to create a living, growing work filled with new information from an ancient discipline, adapted to up to date technology.
We gave this challenge to eminent scholars around the globe: in 100-300 words explain a concept as it was developed by a woman philosopher. Append to each essay a short bibliography of the most relevant articles and books in which that philosopher’s concept is developed or discussed.
Most encyclopedias are arranged according to philosopher such as Aquinas, Kant, Marx, or by division of philosophy such as aesthetics, or logic. Others are arranged by school of philosophy such as Epicureanism, or Zen. Some are arranged by concepts, ideas and theories such as justice, number or rationalism. But NONE offer a comprehensive list of entries about the ideas women philosophers have developed. The Encyclopedia of Concise Concepts by Women Philosophers is unique.
We begin with more than a hundred philosophic concepts as they were developed by women from antiquity through the turn of the 21st century. As we regularly update and expand its contents we will begin to provide links to sources where available. This encyclopedia will be accessible for free online, through university libraries world-wide, through national libraries, and in the online collection of the Paderborn University Library Digital Collection through which it is curated.
The Encyclopedia of Concise Concepts by Women Philosophers launches its first body of articles in 2018. Our authors are the world’s acknowledged experts in their subject. Every few months we will be adding new articles about concepts developed by women philosophers.
Ruth Hagengruber, Ph.D.
Mary Ellen Waithe, Ph.D.,
Editors in Chief

24th World Congress of Philosophy, Beijing
2018-08-17 - 2018-08-19 | Peking University,Beijing, China
CENTER FOR THE HISTORY OF WOMEN PHILOSOPHERS:
Invited Session 17 / 18
The World Congress of Philosophy is organized every five years by the International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP) in collaboration with one of its member societies, this year in cooperation with the Chinese Organizing Committee. The 24th World Congress will be held in Beijing, China, from August 13 to August 20, 2018, and focus on the topic “Learning to be Human”. The congress addresses global issues across disciplines and cultures by taking past and present thinkers into consideration and reflecting critically on the role of philosophy in the contemporary world and how it can contribute to public discourses.
The Center for the History of Women Philosophers is featured in the Invited Sessions 17 and 18. Speakers are:
Mary Ellen Waithe (USA), Karen Green (AUS), Gianni Paganini (IT), Katarina Karpenko (UKR), Ruth Hagengruber (G)
Talks will be held on:

Friday, August 17th, 2018, 04:10 pm – 06:00 pm and Sunday, August 19th, 02:00 pm – 06:00 pm

ABSTRACTS
August 17, Friday Room 407 CNCC
4:10pm – 6:00pm I 080017
HISTORY OF WOMEN PHILOSOPHERS AND SCIENTISTS (PART I) WOMEN PHILOSOPHERS IN EUROPEAN ENLIGHTENMENT
Speakers: Karen Green, Gianenrico Paganini, Ruth Hagengruber
Karen Green, Australia, University of Melbourne
On some footnotes to Catharine Trotter Cockburn’s Vindication of an Essay Concerning Human Understanding

Two footnotes added to the version of Catharine Cockburn’s Vindication of an Essay Concerning Human Understanding(1702) reprinted in her Works (1751) have led to various accusations, including that she was confused and an inadequate interpreter of Locke’s moral epistemology. In particular, it is claimed that she did not recognize the gulf that separated her own intellectualist and internalist views from Locke’s more voluntarist and hedonistic position. This paper defends Cockburn’s interpretation of Locke, arguing that the evidence for Locke being a voluntarist and hedonist is not compelling, and that Cockburn’s interpretation of his moral epistemology is well grounded in the Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
Gianni Paganini, Università del Piemonte (Vercelli, Italy)
“Hypotheses fingo”! Emilie Du Châtelet’s Revolution in the Enlightenment Epistemology
The beliefs of philosophers of science about the nature of scientific inference underwent a profound shift between the time of Descartes and Newton. Probably most prominent here were the fortunes of the method of hypotheses. Frequently espoused in the middle of the 17th century by Descartes, Boyle, Hooke, Huygens, and the Port-Royal logicians, the method of hypothesis fell into disfavor at Newton’s time. The most important factor that acted on this decline was Newton’s deep commitment to having the empirical world serve not only as the ultimate arbiter, but also as the sole basis for adopting provisional theory. This is the meaning of his caveat: “hypotheses non fingo”.
In a famous work, Science and Hypothesis, Larry Laudan pinpointed an “about-turn, which effectively constitutes the emergence of philosophy of science as we know it today” only in the Thirties and the Forties of the nineteenth century when Comte, Herschel, Whewell, Dugald Stewart, and partly Stuart Mill conceded that the method of hypothesis had a vital role to play in scientific inference.
Unfortunately, Laudan and many others until now did not realize that the real turning point in the history of epistemology happened much earlier, as it was represented by the chapter on “Hypotheses” contained in the Institutions de physique of Emilie du Châtelet, first published in 1740. This work and especially this chapter marked the very beginning of the readmission of hypotheses into the epistemology of the Enlightenment and the discovery that theories are not reducible to the experience; they rather are underdetermined by the experience, against the pretension of a total empiricism.
We can pinpoint three basic assertions that characterize Emilie’s’ stand on this matter. First, she thought that one should not “banish” hypotheses from science owing to the bad use made by the Cartesians. Second, Du Châtelet emphasized the heuristic function of hypotheses. Third, the Institutions de physique came back to astronomy as the best example of the good use of hypotheses in science.

Ruth Hagengruber, Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists, Paderborn University, Germany
Emilie Du Châtelet (1706-1749). Philosopher of European Enlightenment. Transformer of Metaphysics.
Emilie Du Châtelet (1706-1749) was an outstanding member of the scientific community of her time. She rebutted main ideas of Voltaire, Locke, Newton and Leibniz, and presented her own conclusions in a broad range of philosophical works. Her epistemic breakthrough is to be found in her examination of the extended world and in her reflection on the mental constitution of space. This presentation introduces her as a strong metaphysician and as an important predecessor of Kant’s transcendental philosophy.

August, 19 Sunday Room 208 B CNCC
2:00pm – 6:00pm I 080018
HISTORY OF WOMEN PHILOSOPHERS(PART II) : EUROPE AND BEYOND
Speakers: Katarina Karpenko, Mary Ellen Waithe, Ruth Hagengruber
Katarina Karpenko Director of the Center for Gender Studies, Professor of the Philosophy Department, Kharkiv National Medical University, (Kharkiv, Ukraine)
Women’s discourse in Ukrainian philosophy
Within the field of Ukrainian philosophy, women’s discourse is dedicated to expand the very scope of intellectual inquiry, especially in the realms of the philosophy of everyday life and political philosophy. This contributed to denaturalizing of such major categories as the nation, and encouraged philosophers to consider asymmetry, hierarchy and subordination in gender relations as a product of culture rather than natural quality given once and forever. These characteristics are the subjects of changes over time as the objects of intense social and political struggle.
An important legacy of Ukrainian culture is a set of unique philosophical ideas reflecting the specifics of national spirituality. The study of folk art, the description of the most vivid historical epochs and of the analysis of the inputs of the most significant female representatives of the nation are the main approaches to identification of the content of women’s discourse in the history of Ukrainian philosophy. Women’s discourse cannot be focused exclusively on women’s issues of liberation from patriarchal guides and superstitious stereotypes. The visions of modern woman-philosophers are the active developmental forces with a clearly identified national character.
Mary Ellen Waithe, Cleveland State University, USA & Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists, Paderborn University, Germany
Women in the History of Non-Western Philosophy
I will offer PowerPoint presentation introducing some women philosophers from non-western traditions who lived prior to the modern period. Women from Islamic, Hindu, Buddhist, Daoist and Confucian traditions will be featured with portraiture, information about their writings and teachings, and the current state of feminist scholarship about their contributions to philosophy.
Ruth Hagengruber, Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists, Paderborn University, Germany
Retracing Antiquity. How Women Philosophers Re-constructed their History.
This presentation offers an introduction into the thoughts of women philosophers, starting with the Renaissance and quoting examples till present. Its methodical path is to provide answers to the question how women philosophers tackled history and antiquity. My thesis is that retracing ancient women philosophers had the necessary and functional role to legitimate their own intentions and to create a realm of independence that was denied in their actual lives. The aim of this talk is to inspire all interested women from various traditions to retrace their tradition and hereby manifest their own path of thoughts and ideas.

R. Hagengruber: Emilie Du Châtelet zwischen Leibniz und Kant
2018-09-19 17:30 - 18:30 (Europe/Berlin) | Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 30, Berlin
In glücklicher Ehe vereinigt?
Leibniz und die Wissenschaften des Barock. Studentisches Kolloquium.
Flyer_LeibnizSymposium

Philosophers, Goddesses and Principles - Women and the Female in Neoplatonism
2018-09-26 - 2018-09-28 | Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Beckmanns Hof, Bochum, 44780, Germany
The purpose of this conference is to provide a forum for a broad discussion of women and the female in Neoplatonism in three main areas of interest: the historical status of Neoplatonic women in the real world, the status of women in Neoplatonic ethical and political theory and the understanding of women and femaleness in metaphysics and natural science.
The first concerns the extent to which and the ways in which women were associated with Neoplatonic philosophy and its school in late antiquity. The main focus is to be celebrated female teachers, such as the highly esteemed Hypatia of Alexandria who was active in mathematics and astronomy and who did exegetical work on Plato, Aristotle and other philosophers.
The second issue regards the question of what (male) Neoplatonists say about the role, status and abilities of women. Here, it is especially interesting how Neoplatonists judged women’s ability to become virtuous and to live philosophical lives, given the (apparent) tension between the Republic’s claim that talented women should become philosopher-queens since here women and men share the same natures and virtues, and the Timaeus’ claim that women are in fact ‘bad men’ who were punished with a female body in reincarnation.
Finally, the Neoplatonists of late antiquity developed a gendered metaphysics that distinguishes between male and female principles in a variety of contexts, including discussions of natural phenomena in the domains of astrology and biology. Thereby, maleness and femaleness are introduced into Neoplatonic metaphysics mainly through the reconceptualization of traditional gods and goddesses as metaphysical principles, which is in part due to the increased importance which the Chaldean Oracles and the Orphic tradition gained among later Neoplatonists.
Confirmed speakers
Peter Adamson (LMU Munich)
Crystal Addey (University of St. Andrews)
Dirk Baltzly (University of Tasmania)
Luc Brisson (CNRS Paris)
Christoph Helmig (University of Cologne)
Danielle A. Layne (Gonzaga University)
Marije Martijn (VU Amsterdam)
Dominic O’Meara (University of Fribourg)
Jan Opsomer (KU Leuven)
Jana Schultz (Ruhr-University Bochum)
Miira Tuominen (University of Jyväskyla)
Gyburg Uhlmann (FU Berlin)
James Wilberding (HU Berlin)
The conference is organized by Jana Schultz (Ruhr-University, Bochum) and James Wilberding (HU Berlin).

German Women Intellectuals 1700-1830
2018-10-04 - 2018-10-06 | Technologiepark 21, Universität Paderborn, 33100, Germany
Keynote Speakers
Katherine Goodman (Brown University) and Karen Green (University of Melbourne)

Thursday, 4 October

16:00
Welcome to the Center HWPS

16:30
Opening Lecture
Katherine Goodman (Brown University, USA)
Luise Gottsched’s Panthea: Cicero, Shaftesbury and Modernity

Friday, 5 October

11:00
Karen Green (University of Melbourne, Australia)
Women’s reception of Kant, 1790-1810

12:30
Emilio Maria De Tommaso (University of Calabria, Italy)
English Philosophical Echoes at the Court of Sophie, Electress of Hanover: Damaris Masham and Catharine Cockburn

13:30
Gabrielle Ball (Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel, Germany)
Luise Adelgunde Victorie Gottsched as an Intellectual and Cultural Mediator

14:30
Ruth Hagengruber (Paderborn University, Germany)
Luise Gottsched: Mistress of Weltweisheit

Saturday, 6 October

11:00
Anne Pollok (University of South Carolina, USA)
Bettina von Arnim: How to Craft a Transformative character, or Goethe’s Most Dangerous Adversary

12:00
Paola Rumore (University of Turin, Italy)
Wilhelmine of Bayreuth and the German Enlightenment

13:00
Nyamgerel Baljinnyam (Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Germany)
Diotima in Hölderlin′s Hyperion. The Influence of Susette Gontard

13:45
Closing remarks

Things to see and do in Paderborn
There are many interesting things to see and do in and around Paderborn. Located in the heart of the city are the 200 fresh water springs, the Paderquellen, which are the birthplace of the Pader River. You can also visit the Paderborn Cathedral, the adjoining Museum of the Diocese of Paderborn. Beside the cathedral you will find the Museum of Imperial Palace (Kaiserpfalz), where you can see the foundation walls of Charlemagne’s 8th century complex. In the north-western part of the city, you will find both the Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum, the world’s largest computer museum, and Schloss Neuhaus, a Renaissance era castle with lovely Baroque gardens. About 35 kilometers northeast of Paderborn is the Externsteine, a sacred site of the pagan Saxons, located in the Teutoburg Forest, and approximately 20 kilometers southwest is the infamous Wewelsburg castle. More information can be found on the Tourism page of the City of Paderborn’s website.

Reflections. Maria Margaretha Modlmayr
2018-10-06 08:00 - 2018-11-02 17:00 (Europe/Berlin)
Spiegelungen
Maria Margaretha Modlmayr

Öffnungszeiten: Mi. und Fr. 15.00 – 18.00 Uhr u.n.V.

English Version below!

Maria Modlmayr beschäftigt sich in ihrer künstlerischen Auseinandersetzung zu einem ganz wesentlichen Teil mit Gesichtern. Das Gesicht des Menschen ist derjenige Part des menschlichen Körpers, der in der Begegnung mit einer anderen Person, in der Interaktion, in der Wahrnehmung die größte Rolle spielt. Im Gesicht, soweit nicht hinter Schleier oder Maske verborgen, lässt sich vieles ablesen, geht es dabei doch nicht nur um Schönheit und Alter, sondern ein Gesicht bringt Aspekte zum Ausdruck, die weit über das Gesagte hinausgehen. Feinste Reaktionen in der Mimik und Haltung spiegeln Eindrücke und Wirkungen von äußeren und inneren Prozessen wider. Genau diese Prozesse sind das, was M.M. interessiert. Nicht die Wiedererkennung und die Definition der Linien eines Gesichts stehen bei ihren malerischen Prozessen im Zentrum, sondern die Annäherung an das Bewegte, das Fließende, das Veränderliche eines Gesichts.
Eben das ist es, was die Künstlerin mit bildnerischen Mitteln einfangen und zum Ausdruck bringen will. In der neuen Ausstellung in der Galerie Märzhase wird eine Werkreihe im Mittelpunkt stehen, bei der es Maria Modlmayr nicht nur um das eine Gesicht des Portraitierten geht. Diese intime und intensive, über viele Kanäle der Wahrnehmung über lange Zeiträume sich ausdehnende Beschäftigung mit dem Antlitz einer anderen Person wirkt auch auf die Künstlerin zurück, erzeugt Resonanzen und Spiegelungen in ihr und lässt immaterielle Verbindungslinien entstehen. Diese Spiegelungen verfolgt M.M. in einer Reihe von 12 Doppelportraits: auf der einen Seite die verschiedenen Modelle und ihnen gegenüber steht das jeweilige Selbstportrait der Künstlerin in diesem Prozess. Sehr sensible Beobachtungen und deren malerische Umsetzung kennzeichnen diese wirklich besondere Werkreihe Maria Modlmayrs.

__________

Reflections
Maria Margaretha Modlmayr

October 6 – November 2, 2018

Open on Wednesday and Friday: 15:00 -18:00h and by arrangement.

An important part of Maria Modlmayr’s artistic work is the study of faces. The face is the one part of the human body that plays the biggest role in observing, encountering and interacting with another person. If it is not hidden behind a veil or mask, you can read many things in a face: it is not only about beauty or age, no; a face expresses much more than the spoken word. Subtle reactions in facial expression and posture reflect impressions and effects of external and internal processes. These processes are what interest Maria Modlmayr. Not defining or recognising the lines of the faces is central to her work, but approaching the moving, flowing and changing features of a face.
This is what the artist wants to capture and express by creative means. The new exhibition at the gallery ‘Maerzhase’ will center on a series of works that are not only about the face in the portrait.
An intimate and intensive engagement with the face of another person, through many channels of perceptions over a long time, also leaves traces on the artist, resonating and creating reflections and immaterial connections in her. Maria Modlmayr traces these reflections in a series of 12 double portraits: the various models on the one side are contrasted with the respective self-portrait of the artist in this process. This truly exceptional series by Maria Modlmayr is characterised by very sensitive observations and their artistic translation into painting.

Karen Green - "On E. E. Constance Jones’s defense of Frege"
2018-10-09 16:00 - 17:30 (Europe/Berlin) | Technologiepark 21, Universität Paderborn, 33100, Germany
Karen Green (University of Melbourne, Australia)
In 1910 Emily Elizabeth Constance Jones (1848–1922), defended Frege against Russell’s critique of the distinction between sense and reference, developed in ‘On Denoting’, which had been published five years earlier. In this paper her defense of Frege is outlined, and it is argued, on the basis of the sketch offered, that Jones was not a careful student of Frege, but interpreted him in the light of her own earlier analysis of the structure of categorical propositions. In the last section it is suggested that, nevertheless, Jones makes some relevant criticisms of Russell’s response to Frege, but that neither Russell nor Jones really grasped the subtlety of Frege’s logical innovations.

Artists in Conversation with Maria Modlmayr and Ruth Hagengruber
2018-10-16 19:00 - 20:00 (Europe/Berlin)
Am Dienstag, den 16. Oktober um 19.00 Uhr laden wir herzlich ein zu einem Künstlerinnengespräch, das Frau Prof. Dr. Ruth Hagengruber, Professorin für Praktische Philosophie an der Universität Paderborn mit Maria-Margaretha Modlmayr führen wird. Frau Prof. Ruth Hagengruber gründete den Lehr- und Forschungsbereich History of Women Philosophers and Scientists, der sich der Erforschung der Texte von Philosophinnen von der Antike bis heute widmet.
On Tuesday, October 16 at 7:00 p.m., we warmly invite you to an artist talk that Prof. Dr. Ruth Hagengruber, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Paderborn, will hold with Maria-Margaretha Modlmayr. Prof. Ruth Hagengruber founded the teaching and research area History of Women Philosophers and Scientists, which is dedicated to the study of texts by women philosophers from antiquity to the present day.
Galerie Märzhase, Fürstenbergstraße 21 / first floor in Paderborn
Spiegelungen – Maria Margaretha Modlmayr
6. Oktober – 2. November 2018
Öffnungszeiten: Mi. und Fr. 15.00 – 18.00 Uhr u.n.V.
Maria Modlmayr beschäftigt sich in ihrer künstlerischen Auseinandersetzung zu einem ganz wesentlichen Teil mit Gesichtern. Das Gesicht des Menschen ist derjenige Part des menschlichen Körpers, der in der Begegnung mit einer anderen Person, in der Interaktion, in der Wahrnehmung die größte Rolle spielt. Im Gesicht, soweit nicht hinter Schleier oder Maske verborgen, lässt sich vieles ablesen, geht es dabei doch nicht nur um Schönheit und Alter, sondern ein Gesicht bringt Aspekte zum Ausdruck, die weit über das Gesagte hinausgehen.
Maria Modlmayr deals in her artistic exploration to a very significant extent with faces. The human face is the part of the human body that plays the greatest role in the encounter with another person, in interaction, in perception. In the face, as far as not hidden behind a veil or a mask, a lot can be read, it is not only about beauty and age, but a face expresses aspects that go far beyond what is said.

The History of Logic: Women’s Contributions
2018-10-18 14:15 - 2018-10-19 15:45 (Europe/Berlin) | Paderborn University
The past twenty-five years have seen an explosion in historical research on women philosophers and scientists due to attempts to integrate more female voices into the philosophical canon. Across history, women’s writing is now being recovered not as marginal but as theoretically important for contemporary debates and issues. By contrast, historical research on female logicians is a true desideratum to this day. Scholars have long tended to exclude, marginalize and trivialize women’s contributions to logical issues, problems and developments. Correcting this omission is pressing since doing so promises to deepen our understanding of the history of logic and to enrich our picture of the aims and scope of logic. Moreover, the socio-political relevance of integrating women logicians and their contributions into our teaching practices can hardly be overestimated. The aim of this workshop is to address one of the remaining gaps, namely the role of female logicians in the development and philosophical interpretation of logic.
Location
Paderborn University, E 5.333
Thursday, October 18, 2018
2.15 pm-3.00 pm: Frederique Janssen-Lauret (University of Manchester): Founding Mothers: The Neglected Contribution of Women to Early Analytic Logic
3.00 pm-3.45 pm: Siobhan Chapman (University of Liverpool): Susan Stebbing and the Logic of Communication
3.45 pm-4.15 pm Coffee Break
4.15 pm-6.00 pm: Philosophical Colloquium: Karen Green (University of Melbourne): Indicating a Translation for “Bedeutung”
Friday, October 19, 2018
10.00 am-10.45 am: Ursula Martin (University of Oxford): Ada Lovelace 1815-1852: Logic and Computing Before the Computer
10.45 am-11.30 am: Matthias Wille (Paderborn University): Progress Through Recursion. On Rózsa Péter’s Outstanding Role in Proof Theory
11.30 am-12.15 am Coffee Break
12.15 am-1.00 pm: Iulian Toader (University of Salzburg): What Emmy Noether said to Weyl about Axiomatics
1.00 pm-2.15 pm: Lunch
2.15 pm-3.00 pm: Anna-Sophie Heinemann (Paderborn University): Wilma Papst, Neo-Kantianism, and Frege
3.00 pm-3.45 pm: Andrea Reichenberger (Paderborn University): Editha Krenz on Frege’s Concept of Number

Attendance is free and everybody interested is welcome to participate.

Contact
andrea.reichenberger@uni-paderborn.de

Locke and the Ladies. On Eighteenth-Century Female Republicans in England
2018-10-23 - 2018-10-26 | Technologiepark 21, Universität Paderborn, 33100, Germany
Prof. Karen Green (University of Melbourne)
Course Description
This course will focus on the reception of John Locke’s classical liberalism and republicanism among women in 18th-Century England, particularly Catharine Trotter Cockburn and Catharine Macaulay. It will begin with a discussion of recent controversies over the role of Locke in the development of republicanism (Pocock, Israel, Pettit) in order to motivate reading Cockburn and Macaulay. After providing an overview of the lives and works of Cockburn and Macaulay, students will sign-up for presentations on readings by these women for next two afternoons. Wednesday will concentrate on Cockburn, her defence of Locke’s moral epistemology, and her play on The Revolution of Sweden (1706). Thursday will focus on Macaulay, specifically on sections from her Treatise on the Immutability of Moral Truth (1783) and the sections of her History of England (1763-83) defending the execution of Charles I. The aim will be to demonstrate the continuity between Cockburn and Macaulay, and their importance for understanding eighteenth-century republicanism in England. On the final day of the course, we will summarize and discuss the content of the course.
Course Schedule
Tuesday, 23 October — 14:00-17:00
Wednesday, 24 October — 10:00-12:00 and 14:00-16:00
Thursday, 25 October — 10:00-12:00 and 14:00-16:00
Friday, 26 October — 10:00-13:00
Location
Technologiepark 21
How to Apply
Those interested in attending should send (in a single file) a copy of their CV along with a short letter of introduction describing their area of research and why they are interested in this course to contact@historyofwomenphilosophers.org no later than 12 October, 2018.
Attendees will be responsible for organizing their own travel and accommodations.

The First Annual Conference of Society for Women in Philosophy Turkey
2018-10-25 10:00 - 2018-10-27 18:00 (Europe/Berlin) | Bilkent University, Üniversiteler Mh., Ankara (Çankaya), 06800, Turkey
The conference is organized by the Society for Women in Philosophy in Turkey (Swip-TR) with the support of Hypatia Diversity Grant and Bilkent University’s Department of Philosophy.
The goal of the event is to create a forum for women in philosophy to meet and help each other. More specifically, we wish to foster exchanges between women philosophers studying or working in Turkey as well as women from Turkey who study or work in philosophy abroad and want to stay in touch with the developments here.
The conference will consist of panels in Turkish and English on any area of philosophy and with two panels dedicated to students (one undergraduate, one graduate) spread over two days.
https://swip-tr.weebly.com/swip-tr-meetings.html

DATE AND TIME
Thu, Oct 25, 2018, 10:00 AM – Sat, Oct 27, 2018, 6:00 PM
Eastern European Standard Time Turkey Time

Den Markt neu denken
2018-10-25 20:00 - 22:00 (Europe/Berlin) | Würzburger Residenz, Residenzplatz 2 (Residenz) , Toscanasaal, Südflügel der Residenz, Würzburg, Bayern, 97070, Germany
Den Markt neu denken. Utopie damals und heute. Wirtschaftsphilosophische Erörterungen zu den Themen ‘Geschlecht’ und ‘Produktivität’ von 1500 bis heute.
Veranstaltung im Rahmen der Ringvorlesung “Utopien/Dystopien”
Nach der Vorlesung laden die Veranstalter zu einem Umtrunk in den Räumlichkeiten des Instituts für Philosophie im Südflügel der Residenz.
Kontakt
Prof. Dr. Dag Nikolaus Hasse, Lehrstuhl für Philosophie III, Tel.: 0931/3182850, E-Mail: dag-nikolaus.hasse@uni-wuerzburg.de

https://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/en/news-and-events/events/detail/news/den-markt-neu-denken-utopie-damals-und-heute-wirtschaftsphilosophische-eroerterungen-zu-den-themen/

How to Teach Women Philosophers
2018-10-26 15:00 - 18:00 (Europe/Berlin) | Technologiepark 21, Universität Paderborn, 33100, Germany
For myriad reasons, women have historically been a minority in institutional philosophy. However, it is undeniable that they have been ever present. Yet, beginning at the end of the 18th Century, their role in the history of philosophy seems to have been systematically erased from textbooks. This has led to the false but pervasive view that prior to the late 18th Century, there were no women philosophers in history (cf. Lerner 1993). Contemporary textbooks do little to correct this view, inserting some women throughout the historical narrative, but with few playing more than a marginal role in the development of Western thought. This apparent tokenism of women often serves to reinforce the idea that women were marginal figures in the history of ideas. History tells us that this was not the case.
The purpose of this workshop is to continue the project of rewriting the canon, and to discuss strategies for teaching women philosophers.
Die Veranstaltung ist eine Kooperation mit der AG Frauen in der Philosophie: https://dgphil.de/verbaende-und-ags/arbeitsgemeinschaften/ag-frauen-in-der-geschichte-der-philosophie/
Discussion will be in English and German.
Everyone is welcome to attend and participate in the discussion.
Participants:
Sarah Hutton (University of York, UK)
Karen Green (University of Melbourne, Australia)
Ruth Hagengruber (Paderborn University, Germany)
Rodney Parker (Paderborn University, Germany)

Strategies of Resistance
2018-11-08 - 2018-11-10 | Room W-5215, University of Montreal
In response to the racist, sexist, nationalist, transphobic, nativist rhetoric and policy of the Trump White House, our conference theme this year is “Strategies of Resistance.”
Across the globe, individuals and communities are joining together to resist neo-liberalism, climate change, and global capital. They are practicing significant actions of solidarity and creatively imagining and prefiguring a new and more just world. From the Black Lives Matter movement, to rising antifascist activism in the U.S. and Europe, to solidarity with the Dreamers and their families as well as migrants across the world, we are living in an age where people are resurrecting old ways and finding new possibilities of joining together to resist unlivable and inhumane conditions. As members of the RPA, we stand together against the growing police state, the erosion of healthcare policies, a colonialist and aggressive foreign policy, and tax policy that benefits the wealthy at the expense of basic human needs. As much as ever, we recognize the importance of resistance and solidarity. With the rise of right-wing, anti-immigrant parties in Europe and the reappearance of blatant white supremacist rhetoric on the mainstream news in the United States, it is incumbent upon the left to join together to imagine, share, and act upon our strategies of resistance.
Call for Papers

Women and Radical Thought: From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment
2018-11-22 09:00 - 2018-11-23 18:30 (Europe/Berlin) | University of Copenhagen, South Campus, Building 16, room 16-1-16, Nørregade 10, Copenhagen, 1165, Denmark
The so-called radical enlightenment was a European movement during the early modern period that was decisive for the formation of modern European democracies; thinkers across Europe were participating in the spread of new and radical ideas. In recent years, the scholarship on this tradition of thought has flourished, developed and brought to light many texts, topics and ways of communication that were hitherto unknown or barely studied. Meanwhile, the term “Radical Enlightenment” itself came under scrutiny and its meaning and legitimacy became contested. One matter, however, is virtually absent from the current discussions: women’s participation in and contributions to radical circles and thought. One may actually ask: Where are the female radicals? The workshop takes up this question and will explore new ways of answering it by following the twofold aim:

to critically investigate and re-assess the historiographical conception of “radical enlightenment” in relation to women’s writings: What would count as radical thought from a female perspective of the period?
to make visible radical and subversive thought of women from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment.

Read about the speakers
Read the program here

The workshop is funded by:
The Centre for Modern European Studies (UCPH), cemes.ku.dk
The Department of Media Cognition and Communication (UCPH) mcc.ku.dk
The Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists (Paderborn University) historyofwomenphilosophers.org/
In cooperation with Center HWPS

Ronny Miron - "The Gate of Reality. Between Positivism and Realism in Hedwig Conrad-Martius' Thinking"
2018-11-27 16:00 - 18:00 (Europe/Berlin) | E 2 310, University Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 33098, Germany

Emilie du Châtelet between Leibniz and Kant: The Critical Turn
2018-11-27 20:00 - 21:30 (Europe/London) | Balliol College, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 2JD, Oxford, United Kingdom
Emilie du Châtelet was one of the most influential women philosophers of the Enlightenment. Her innovative writings on natural philosophy, physics, and mechanics had a decisive impact on pivotal scientific debates of the 18th Century.
In her talk, feminist historian of philosophy Professor Dr Ruth Hagengruber will explore the work of Emilie Du Châtelet along with its impact on 18th Century thought in Germany; particularly on Immanuel Kant. The divisive Kant-Eberhard controversy interrogated Kantian metaphysics and by extension traces an intellectual lineage through the work of Du Châtelet: on this basis, Hagengruber will redress this historical omission in the canon of academic philosophy. Join us to discuss any aspect of this topic, or to query Hagengruber on her current work as Head of Philosophy at the University of Paderborn and as Director of the Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists.

The event will take place in the Von Trott Room in the Jowett Walk Buildings. Entry is free for members, and will cost £3 for non-members. Membership of the society can be purchased at the door of any of our events. If you have any questions then feel free to contact us on Facebook.

Welcome to Michaelmas term 2018 with the Oxford University
Philosophy Society!
View the Facebook event for more information!

Research Group Émilie Du Châtelet
2018-12-01 08:00 - 2019-01-31 17:00 (Europe/Berlin)

Ana Rodrigues - "Gender und Genre in der Aufklärung: Émilie du Châtelets reaktionäre Aneignung von Bernard de Mandevilles Fable of the Bees"
2018-12-04 14:00 - 16:00 (Europe/Berlin) | N2.245, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 33098
Emilie Du Châtelet’s works on morals differ in a decisive aspect from her writings on natural philosophy. Whereas the latter as the Dissertation sur la nature et la propagation du feu or the Institutions de physique were published during her lifetime and contributed to the official scientific debate, her works on morals circulated only as manuscripts and as such were part of a different stream of Enlightenment debate. The respective writings, her translation of parts of Bernard de Mandeville’s The Fable of the Bees and her Réflexions sur le Bonheur, are each closely related to the works of philosophers who are widely considered contributors to the debates subsumed under the name of ‘Radical Enlightenment’: Bernard de Mandeville and Julien Offray de La Mettrie. In her talk Ana Rodrigues will present Du Châtelet’s transformation of parts of Mandeville’s Fable of the Bees. Though designated as a translation, the text eventually turns out an adaptation which, on the one hand, contains a radical criticism of Mandeville’s main theses and, on the other hand, formulates the foundations of her own moral and social philosophy.
